The Great Shift: the rise of México and the Decline of Peru in the Spanish American Colonial Empire, 1680-1809

Editada en Fundación Empresa PúblicaA partir de la reconstrucción de las cuentas de la Real Tesorería para las tres principales colonias de Hispanoamérica desde el último cuarto del siglo XVII a la primera década del siglo XIX, el ensayo reconstruye el destino cambiante de los ingresos y gastos reales en estas cruciales economías americamis. Los vicerreinatos de Perú y México y la Audiencia de Charcos fueron las principales fuentes del superávit en las colonias americanas. Hasta 1700, las dos regiones andinas dominaron el sistema colonial hispanoamericano en términos de ingresos reales generados y de plata producida para ser exportada a Europa. Sin embargo, estas regiones comenzaron a declinar en el siglo XVIII. Los diferentes tipos de ingresos y de gastos reales y su evolución son analizados para cada una de estas tres colonias a fin de determinar sus tendencias a largo plazo y su importancia relativa.Using the reconstructed royal treasury records for the trhee principal colonies of Spanish America from the last quarter of the 17th century to the first decade of the 19th century this essay constructs the changin fortunes of royal income and expenditures in these crucial American economies. The viceroyalties of Perú and Mexico an the Audiencia of Charcas were the principal sources of surplus revenues in the American colonies. Until 1700 the two Andean regions dominated the Spanish American colonial system in terms of generating royal income and in producing silver for export to Europe. But these soon declined relative to Mexico wich in the 18th century became to dominant economy and major source of royal income. The various royal revenues and expenditures and their performance over time are analyzed for all trhee colonies to determine the long term trends in dieir growth and relative importance.Publicad

Discovering Scholarly Orphans Using ORCID

Archival efforts such as (C)LOCKSS and Portico are in place to ensure the longevity of traditional scholarly resources like journal articles. At the same time, researchers are depositing a broad variety of other scholarly artifacts into emerging online portals that are designed to support web-based scholarship. These web-native scholarly objects are largely neglected by current archival practices and hence they become scholarly orphans. We therefore argue for a novel paradigm that is tailored towards archiving these scholarly orphans. We are investigating the feasibility of using Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) as a supporting infrastructure for the process of discovery of web identities and scholarly orphans for active researchers. We analyze ORCID in terms of coverage of researchers, subjects, and location and assess the richness of its profiles in terms of web identities and scholarly artifacts. We find that ORCID currently lacks in all considered aspects and hence can only be considered in conjunction with other discovery sources. However, ORCID is growing fast so there is potential that it could achieve a satisfactory level of coverage and richness in the near future.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables accepted for publication at JCDL 201

Extending Sitemaps for ResourceSync

The documents used in the ResourceSync synchronization framework are based on the widely adopted document format defined by the Sitemap protocol. In order to address requirements of the framework, extensions to the Sitemap format were necessary. This short paper describes the concerns we had about introducing such extensions, the tests we did to evaluate their validity, and aspects of the framework to address them.Comment: 4 pages, 6 listings, accepted at JCDL 201

Synthesis of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexamethyl-4,5-bis(methylene)cyclopentane

An efficient synthesis of the title compound 14 is reported, which employs the ZnCl2/Et2O catalyzed addition of acetyl chloride (4) to 2-methyl-2-butene (5) and the [3+ + 2] cycloaddition of the 1,1,2,3-tetramethylallyl cation to 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene as key steps